The pedal harp is one of the most majestic and complex instruments in the world of music. Known for its elegant design and ethereal sound, it has captured the imagination of composers, performers, and listeners for centuries. Whether you have encountered the harp in a symphonic performance, a romantic film score, or a solo recital, the beauty of its tone is unmistakable. This article dives deep into the pedal harp, examining its history, structure, sound, role in music genres, notable players, and practical tips for choosing one—whether you’re a curious beginner or an aspiring professional.
What Is a Pedal Harp?
The pedal harp, often referred to as the concert harp or grand harp, is a type of harp distinguished by its use of pedals to alter the pitch of its strings. It is a plucked string instrument and belongs to the chordophone family. With 47 strings and seven pedals, it enables the performer to play chromatic scales and modulate between keys with fluidity—features that are essential for performing classical and contemporary repertoire.
Unlike folk or lever harps, which use manual levers to change pitch, the pedal harp allows instantaneous pitch changes via foot pedals, making it ideal for complex, key-changing compositions. The instrument typically stands about 6 feet (1.8 meters) tall, weighs between 75–90 pounds (34–41 kg), and is most commonly tuned in the key of C-flat major.
History and Origins of the Pedal Harp
The harp as a musical instrument dates back thousands of years. Early depictions of harps can be found in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia. However, these were rudimentary harps without the chromatic capabilities of modern versions. The evolution toward the pedal harp began in the European Middle Ages and Renaissance with the development of the gothic harp.
The pivotal innovation came in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1697, Jacob Hochbrucker, a Bavarian instrument maker, is credited with inventing the first single-action pedal harp. This early design allowed players to raise each string’s pitch by a semitone using pedals. Later, in 1810, Sébastien Érard revolutionized the instrument by introducing the double-action pedal mechanism. This system allowed each pedal to change the pitch of a string in two stages—raising it by one or two semitones—making full chromaticism possible.
Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the pedal harp became a staple in orchestras, salons, and solo concert settings. Its expressive potential and dynamic range solidified its place as a key instrument in the classical tradition.
Structure and Design of the Pedal Harp
The pedal harp’s construction is both elegant and intricate. It is composed of several key parts: the soundboard, neck, column, base, and pedal mechanism. The instrument’s height typically ranges from 5 to 6.5 feet, and it has a resonant, triangular body supported by a curved neck and a robust column.
Materials: The frame is usually made of maple or spruce, with a soundboard made of Sitka spruce to enhance resonance. The strings are crafted from a mix of materials: gut (for the middle range), nylon (for the upper range), and wire-wound metal (for the bass strings).
Pedal System: There are seven pedals, each corresponding to one of the diatonic notes (D, C, B, E, F, G, A). Each pedal has three positions: flat, natural, and sharp. These pedals control rotating discs near the tuning pins, which tighten or loosen the strings to change their pitch.
Compared to lever harps or Celtic harps, the pedal harp offers a broader pitch range, richer tone, and greater dynamic versatility, which makes it the preferred choice for classical and orchestral music.
How Does a Pedal Harp Sound?
The pedal harp is known for its rich, resonant, and ethereal sound. Its tone can range from soft and delicate to powerful and majestic, depending on how it is played. The harp’s wide dynamic range and long sustain make it suitable for everything from gentle arpeggios to commanding glissandos.
Each string’s pitch and tone depend on its length, tension, and material. The lower strings produce warm, deep tones, while the higher strings yield bright, crystalline notes. The use of pedals allows the performer to shift seamlessly through modulations, key changes, and chromatic passages, enhancing the expressive depth of the instrument.
How to Play the Pedal Harp
Playing the pedal harp requires both hands and both feet. The right hand typically plays the treble (melody), while the left hand handles the bass (accompaniment). Both hands use the thumbs and the first three fingers; the pinky is generally not used due to its weaker dexterity.
Hand Technique: Harpists pluck the strings with their fingertips, producing a clear and resonant tone. Different articulations such as muffling (damping), harmonics, and glissandos add texture and variety.
Foot Technique: The pedals are used to shift the pitch of the strings in real time. Mastery of pedal technique is essential, as it allows the harpist to play in any key and execute rapid modulations.
Reading harp music involves both treble and bass clefs, similar to piano music. Some compositions also include specific pedal markings or instructions, especially in complex modern works.
Pedal Harp in Music Genres
While the pedal harp is most closely associated with classical music, its versatility has allowed it to cross into multiple genres.
Classical: The harp plays both solo and orchestral roles in classical music. Composers like Debussy, Ravel, and Tchaikovsky wrote extensively for the instrument, utilizing its ability to convey emotion and atmosphere.
Contemporary and Jazz: Artists such as Dorothy Ashby and Edmar Castañeda have incorporated the harp into jazz, using it for improvisation and groove-based performances.
Folk and Celtic: While lever harps dominate this scene, the pedal harp is occasionally used for its tonal richness and extended range.
Film and Pop: The harp is a popular choice for film scores and pop arrangements, often used to evoke dreamlike or romantic moods. Notable examples include its use in film scores by John Williams and Hans Zimmer.
Choosing a Pedal Harp: What to Consider
Selecting the right pedal harp depends on your playing level, budget, and performance goals.
Pedal Action and Response: The smoothness and reliability of the pedal mechanism are crucial. Test how quickly the pedals respond and whether the transition between positions is smooth.
String Tension and Feel: Some harps have tighter or looser string tension, which affects playability. Choose based on your hand strength and playing comfort.
Materials and Finish: Solid wood soundboards produce a warmer tone, while laminated boards are more durable and affordable. The external finish also impacts aesthetic appeal.
Recommended Brands:
Lyon & Healy: Renowned for concert-quality pedal harps with consistent craftsmanship.
Salvi Harps: An Italian brand known for its elegant design and rich tone.
Camac Harps: A French manufacturer praised for innovation and ergonomic features.
Always try several instruments before making a decision. Consult teachers, attend harp festivals, or visit dedicated harp showrooms if possible.
Conclusion
The pedal harp is more than just a beautiful instrument—it is a symbol of musical sophistication, technical innovation, and expressive potential. Its history spans centuries, and its role in various music genres continues to expand. Whether you’re drawn to its lush sound, elegant form, or versatile repertoire, learning about and playing the pedal harp is a rewarding journey. With the right instrument, technique, and inspiration, the pedal harp can become a lifelong companion in your musical path.
